Thanks a lot, this answer is very enlightening. 
It confirms that the hub is indeed detected and that the 5 cameras are correctly seen, with their UID and their sleep state (« camera porche » and « Portail » were sleeping at the time of the test, which is normal for battery models).
You mentioned that Home Assistant retrieves everything well: I went to see how they do it, and it gave me the answer. Your firmware does not return the typeInfo field in the channel list, but there is another command, GetChnTypeInfo, which gives the channel model one by one. That’s the one I should have used from the start.
To run in cmd.exe, not in PowerShell (curl is an alias there that doesn’t understand -k). The token expires after one hour: if you get please login first (code -6), repeat step 1.
Step 1 — retrieve a token (replace the password):
curl -k -s -X POST "https://192.168.1.69/cgi-bin/api.cgi?cmd=Login" -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d "[{\"cmd\":\"Login\",\"action\":0,\"param\":{\"User\":{\"userName\":\"admin\",\"password\":\"YOUR_PASSWORD\"}}}]"
Look for « name » in the Token block: that’s your token.
Step 2 — the type of each camera (replace LE_TOKEN):
curl -k -s -X POST "https://192.168.1.69/cgi-bin/api.cgi?cmd=GetChnTypeInfo&token=LE_TOKEN" -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d "[{\"cmd\":\"GetChnTypeInfo\",\"action\":0,\"param\":{\"channel\":0}},{\"cmd\":\"GetChnTypeInfo\",\"action\":0,\"param\":{\"channel\":1}},{\"cmd\":\"GetChnTypeInfo\",\"action\":0,\"param\":{\"channel\":2}},{\"cmd\":\"GetChnTypeInfo\",\"action\":0,\"param\":{\"channel\":3}},{\"cmd\":\"GetChnTypeInfo\",\"action\":0,\"param\":{\"channel\":4}}]"
It queries the hub and not the cameras: those that are sleeping will not be woken up. It’s the type field of each ChnTypeInfo block that interests me.
This should be enough for me to automatically identify your doorbell and add the « doorbell button » capability. Thanks again, your comment about Home Assistant put me on the right track.