Thanks @guim31 and @pierre-gilles for your answers.
When you say you ran tests, was it on exactly the same hardware?
Indeed, the most striking test on my Pi 3: with my original 9Gb database it’s KO (whereas it had worked one day) but with a fresh install (database at 0) it’s OK.
From the logs I see, your original installation runs on an « armv7l » processor so Raspberry Pi 1, 2 or Zero.
However you mention you’re on a Pi 3, so you must have installed an ARMv7 system on your Pi 3 which is ARMv8, that’s a shame ^^
Thanks for noticing that! What a hawk-eyed observation! I didn’t realize it; it is indeed a Pi 3 installed with Pi OS Bookworm (Debian 12) and it’s an install with the default image from the Raspberry installer. Strange that v8 isn’t offered and the explanation is in the instructions below for the curious.
I switched to arm v8 by following these instructions.
rpi3:~ $ uname -a
Linux rpi3 6.6.31-v8+ #1766 SMP PREEMPT Fri May 24 12:14:10 BST 2024 aarch64 GNU/Linux
You then run your tests on a Debian VM with an amd64 CPU, so I imagine a decent machine ^^
It’s not the same thing!
It’s on my NAS which is a separately assembled machine (TrueNAS Scale)
Especially between ARMv7 and v8 there are big performance differences in the JS engine because of instructions that were added in v8.
I notice a very visible gain indeed: just for that already THANKS.
That said, it’s possible your installation has « things to do » in the background; for that you’d need to look at the logs, CPU activity, what’s happening.
Not much, there’s nothing running and we see the nmap:
And then BAM! the thing that triggered me is the command:
nmap -oX - -sn -R 192.168.0.22/24 192.168.0.180/16 192.168.0.182/16
Running it by hand takes a very long time.
The culprits, the IPs I had put in the Presence scanner tab of Lan-Manager 
To be more precise the device IPs whose presence I wanted to check but /16 instead of /24 … I’ve always hated networking and it has always gotten back at me)
Now, if you plan to make a Gladys installation « long term » again, I strongly advise you to review your hardware; today mini-PCs are recommended to have a good CPU, and especially an NVMe SSD that can hold up.
On Pis, the SD gets corrupted very quickly, and connecting an SSD via USB doesn’t work great (very common power issues, questionable performance of the USB port)
I recommend this mini-PC myself .
This mini PC is great and on sale at the moment! But my SD card is brand new; the other one did indeed last only 6 years and then poof… I also have a Pi 4 with an SSD - which hasn’t had power issues so far - or my NAS with NVMe for apps but that’s overkill I think
What I mainly wanted was to understand it without changing anything (there was no reason to), so a big thanks for your time, that was quite an adventure!